Types of Data, Descriptive Statistics,
and Statistical Tests for Nominal Data
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Patrick F. Smith, Pharm.D.
Types of Data, Descriptive Statistics, and Statistical Tests for Nominal Data (Patarick Smith, Pharm.D.)
Types of Data
Example Dataset
Response Rate to Rituximab According to Demographic Factors
Infusion-related Reactions in Multicenter Trial
Rituxan: Graph
Transforming Variables
Describing a Dataset
Describing Data
Central Tendency and Dispersion
Measures of Central Tendency
Mean
Median
Important Differences Between Means and Medians
Measures of Central Tendency
Uses of Different Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion
Example 1 Mean, Median, Mode
Example 2 Categorical Data
Central Tendency and Dispersion
Measures of Dispersion
Computing Variance
Variance (s2) Formula
Example: Calculation of Standard Deviation
Standard Deviation
Measures of Dispersion
Percentiles
Distributions of Data
Normal and Skewed Distributions
Examples of Graphical Plots
Histograms and Dot Density Plots to Summarize Data
Stem and Leaf Plots Provide Actual Data
Example Histograms
Log Transformation to Approximate a Normal Distribution
Box-whisker Plot of Data
Graphic Display of Categorical Data
Is there a Real Difference Between Two Datasets?
Inferential Statistics
Random Sampling
Random Sample vs. Population
Standard Error of the Mean (SE)
Hypothesis Testing
Hypothesis Testing Matrix
Probability Value: p value
Significance Level
Power
Confidence Intervals
Confidence Intervals
Confidence Intervals - Example
Statistical Significance vs. Clinical Significance
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